An environmental impact assessment (EIA, or KHV in Hungarian) is a formal procedure that evaluates the likely environmental effects of a proposed project before a decision is made. It is mandatory for many large or sensitive developments in Hungary.
Step 1: Screening and scoping
The first step is to determine whether an EIA is required and, if so, what topics must be covered. The authority publishes screening decisions and scoping opinions. Early engagement with an environmental consultant can save months later.
Step 2: Baseline data collection
Collect data on air, water, soil, noise, biodiversity, landscape, and socio-economic conditions. The quality and completeness of baseline data strongly influence the credibility of the assessment.
Step 3: Impact analysis and mitigation
Identify and evaluate significant impacts during construction, operation, and decommissioning. Propose mitigation measures and alternatives. Common tools include dispersion modelling, noise mapping, and hydrological analysis.
Step 4: Public consultation and authority review
The EIA document is made public, authorities and stakeholders submit comments, and a public hearing may be held. The proponent must respond to comments and may need to submit additional studies or revise the proposal.
Step 5: Decision and permit integration
The environmental authority issues a decision. The EIA conclusions are then integrated into the building, operating, or integrated environmental permit. Compliance monitoring continues during operation.